For reference, 330 bar on Raptor produces ~225 tons (half a million pounds) of force. ... le carburant du puissant moteur Raptor. In addition, a much smaller subscale development engine had already been built for design validation purposes At that time, this first subscale Raptor development engine had recently been tested on a ground test stand, but for only one brief firing. [2], SpaceX'te metan yakıtlı aşamalı-yanma motorunun geliştirilmesinin ciddi bir şekilde düşünüldüğünün ilk ipuçları 2011 Mayıs ayında ortaya çıkmıştı.SpaceX ABD Hava Kuvvetlerine, USAF Tekrar-kullanılabilir Hızlandırıcı Sistemi Yüksek İtki Ana Motoru talebinde istenen kerosen-yakıtlı motor ile rekabet edebilecek bir metan-yakıtlı motor ile ilgilenip ilgilenmediklerini sormuştur. Il est doté de trois moteurs Raptors, récemment testés par SpaceX avec le Starhopper. SpaceX never implemented plans to switch the Falcon 9/Falcon Heavy upper stage to methalox propellants. Six vacuum-optimized Raptor engines, providing 3,500 kN (790,000 lbf) of thrust each, would also be used on the ITS second stage, for a total of nine engines. Explosion en vol. Re: Le moteur-fusée Raptor de SpaceX Dim 1 Sep 2019 - 22:56 Effectivement comme le dit Phenix cet hélium doit être utilisé brièvement pour la mise en rotation des pompes et on peut prévoir des bonbonnes de capacité suffisante pour le stocker sous haute pression sous forme gazeuse pour le … [10] [34] SpaceX plans to mass-produce up to 500 Raptor engines per year, each costing less than $250,000. Le Raptor, le moteur de SpaceX utilisé pour alimenter le vaisseau spatial qui approche, a atteint de nouveaux degrés de puissance électrique tout au long de son développement. The higher-efficiency Raptor Vacuum engines for in-space conditions was envisioned then to target a specific impulse of 382s, using a much larger nozzle giving an expansion ratio of 200. Elon Musk: yes", "Meant to say 200 AR for production vac engine. pompalama sistemi daha düşük basınç değerleri gerektirdiğinden, sistemin yaşam-süresi artmakta ve sisteme ağır zarar verebilecek arızaların riski de azalmaktadır. SpaceX a ainsi montré être capable de contrôler son nouveau moteur Raptor, celui qui équipera in fine Starship Super Heavy, la plus grosse fusée de l'entreprise. [6] 2014 Şubat ayında, gözden geçirilmiş, daha yüksek itkiye sahip bir tasarım şirket tarafından incelenmiştir; ancak daha yüksek hızın geliştirilen ilk motorlarla mı elde edileceği açık değildir. [105], Little technical detail was ever publicly released about the USAF second stage engine, as is typical for defense contracts. [25] The 2016 subscale development engine had 40% (by mass) of its parts manufactured by 3D printing. [16] A revised, higher-thrust, specification was discussed by the company in February 2014, but it was unclear whether that higher thrust was something that would be achieved with the initial development engines. SpaceX travaille depuis 2011 à la conception d'un nouveau moteur baptisé Raptor. ", "SpaceX launches Starship "hopper" on dramatic test flight", "Starship SN5 conducts successful 150-meter flight test", "SpaceX Starship prototype finally flies", "Watch SpaceX's SN6 Starship prototype soar on test flight (video)", "Fuel header tank pressure was low during landing burn, causing touchdown velocity to be high & RUD, but we got all the data we needed! [39], Diğer motor tasarımlarıyla karşılaştırılması, Amerikan Havacılık ve Uzay bilimi Enstitüsü, Yörüngesel roket motorlarının karşılaştırılması, "SpaceX advances drive for Mars rocket via Raptor power", http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=47400, "Musk goes for methane-burning reusable rockets as step to colonise Mars", "SpaceX Could Begin Testing Methane-fueled Engine at Stennis Next Year", "Notes: Space Access'11: Thurs. Raptor is a family of full-flow staged combustion cycle rocket engines developed and manufactured by SpaceX, for use on the in-development Starship fully reusable launch vehicle. The engine began testing in September 2016 on the Raptor test stand at McGregor. On 26 September 2016, Elon Musk tweeted two images of the first test firing of an integrated Raptor in SpaceX's McGregor test complex. [17] Starhopper, with SN6, was reflown on 27 August 2019, reaching an altitude of 150 metres (490 ft). [22], Raptor has been claimed to be able to deliver "long life ... and more benign turbine environments". to serve the theoretical purpose of servicing an upper stage that could be used on the existing, Chantilly, Houston, Seattle, Washington DC, This page was last edited on 6 May 2021, at 20:50. [16], The Raptor engine first flew on the Starhopper test vehicle in July 2019 and became the first full-flow staged combustion rocket engine ever flown. Sources differed on the performance of the test engine. ... approximately a 200 tonne engine aiming for roughly 300 bar chamber pressure. Des vidéos épatantes et hautes en couleur. The engine is powered by cryogenic liquid methane and liquid oxygen (LOX), rather than the RP-1 kerosene and LOX used in SpaceX's prior Merlin and Kestrel rocket engines. [102] [44] They indicated that details on a new SpaceX rocket would be forthcoming in "one to three years" and that the large engine was intended for the next-generation launch vehicle using multiple of these large engines, that would be expected to launch payload masses of the order of 150 to 200 tonnes (150,000 to 200,000 kg; 330,000 to 440,000 lb) to low Earth orbit, exceeding the payload mass capability of the NASA Space Launch System. Le moteur Raptor a subi plusieurs modifications de conception – à l’origine, SpaceX avait prévu de l’installer sur le lanceur ITS en 2016 (équipé de 42 moteurs Raptor), avant de changer d’idée et de dévoiler son concept de fusée BFR (officiellement appelé «Super Heavy») pour la première étape et Starship pour la seconde étape. Malgré les images très impressionnantes, ce vol est une vraie réussite. By August 2016, the first integrated Raptor rocket engine, manufactured at the SpaceX Hawthorne facility in California, was shipped to the McGregor rocket engine test facility in Texas for development testing. [5] "SpaceX Starship Super Heavy and Raptor Engine Evolution, Starship SN-6 Hop, Starlink, SAOCOM 1B", American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, "Starship + Super Heavy propellant mass is 4800 tons (78% O2 & 22% CH4). "Is SpaceX's Merlin 1D's thrust-to-weight ratio of 150+ believable? Le Raptor a fait son premier test d’allumage au sol ce lundi 26 septembre et s’est soumis à toute une batterie de tests. Co se týče regulace tahu motoru, Raptor měl být podle prezentace z roku 2016 schopen tah snížit až na 20 % maxima, ale to se ukázalo jako moc obtížný cíl. Elon Musk a publié un tweet montrant un essai à plein régime du moteur Raptor, dans sa version optimisée pour le vide spatial, du futur lanceur Starship. Pour réaliser cet exploit, le constructeur américain a développé le moteur «le plus complexe que l’on puisse imaginer». Başlangıç tasarımlarında Raptor motorunun metan'dan ziyade sıvı hidrojen (LH2) kullanması öngörülüyordu. He also disclosed that it used multi-stage turbopumps. In September 2016, at the 67th International Astronautical Congress, Musk mentioned several Raptor engine designs that were planned for the Interplanetary Transport System. [12] Chicago Maden Okulu (Chicago School of Mines) tarafından yayımlanan bir araştırmaya göre, Mars'tan metan üretme gibi in-situ kaynak kullanımı, uzay görevlerini teknik ve ekonomik açıdan daha uygulanabilir kılıyor ve tekrar-kullanılabilirliği mümkün hale getiriyor. A key driver of the 2017 architecture was to make the new system useful for substantial Earth-orbit and cislunar launches so that the new system might pay for itself, in part, through economic spaceflight activities in the near-Earth space zone. Le Raptor est un moteur-fusée alimenté par du méthane liquide [1] et de l'oxygène liquide (LOX) [2], développé et fabriqué par SpaceX.Il équipe les étages inférieurs et supérieurs du lanceur super-lourd Starship construit par SpaceX. ", "SpaceX launches Starship SN15 rocket and sticks the landing in high-altitude test flight", "Musk unveils revised version of giant interplanetary launch system", "Completed a full duration test fire of the Raptor Vacuum engine at SpaceX's rocket development facility in McGregor, Texas", "Sea level Raptor's vacuum Isp is ~350 sec, but ~380 sec with larger vacuum-optimized nozzle", "V1.0 of Raptor Vac is suboptimal, as optimized for speed of development. – Afternoon session – Part 2: SpaceX", "SpaceX aims big with massive new rocket", "Musk goes for methane-burning reusable rockets as step to colonise Mars", "In-Situ Resource Utilization – Mars Atmosphere/Gas Chemical Processing", "Comparative study of ISRU-based transportation architectures for the Moon and Mars: LOX/LH2 vs. LOX/Methane", "SpaceX's Mars plans call for massive 42-engine reusable rocket", "Musk offers more technical details on BFR system", "NASA Stennis Space Center to Test SpaceX Next Generation Rocket Engines Systems", "Cochran: Space-X Decision Bodes Well for Job Growth in South Mississippi", "SpaceX to Conduct Raptor Engine Testing in Mississippi", "NASA, SpaceX Cut Ribbon To Launch Testing Partnership", "SpaceX propulsion chief elevates crowd in Santa Barbara", "SpaceX Prepared Testimony by Jeffrey Thornburg", "Stennis set for busy 2016 test schedule", "Thrust to weight is optimizing for a surprisingly low thrust level, even when accounting for the added mass of plumbing and structure for many engines. Merlin 1C & D motorlarına sahip daha önceki tüm Falcon 9 roketlerinde kullanılmış olan RP-1 kerosen ve LOX karışımı yerine; Raptor motoru yakıt olarak sıvı metan [4] ve sıvı oksijen (LOX),[5] kullanacaktır. Specific impulse is increased, and the risk of cavitation at inputs to the turbopumps is reduced due to the higher mass flow rate per unit power generated. [101] In addition, Raptor Vacuum v1 will have a smaller engine nozzle in order to avoid flow separation when the engine is fired at sea-level atmospheric pressure. [90], The first flight test of a Raptor engine, SN6, occurred on 25 July 2019, carrying Starhopper to an altitude of 20 metres (66 ft). [22] In addition, three gimbaled sea-level Raptor engines would be used for performing landings of the ITS second stage on Earth and on Mars. In reporting during the two weeks following the Musk ITS launch vehicle reveal on 27 September, NASASpaceFlight reported that the development engine was only one-third the size of any of the several larger engine designs that were discussed for the later flight vehicles. In addition, in 2016–2018, a custom prototype upper-stage methalox FFSC Raptor engine was designed and tested for the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, strictly for the US Air Force to meet US military space readiness objectives. In November 2016, the first flight tests of the Raptor engine were projected to be on the Interplanetary Transport System, no earlier than the early 2020s. [21] [22] [22], Engine ignition for all Raptor engines, both on the pad and in the air, is handled by dual-redundant spark-plug lit torch igniters,[26] which will eliminate the necessity of a dedicated igniter fluid on Merlin. The SN9 vehicle was destroyed in landing. Raptor, c’est le nom du nouveau moteur-fusée qui équipera le prochain lanceur lourd de SpaceX dont l’ambition est d’envoyer le premier être humain sur Mars dès 2024. Après un décollage parfait, le vaisseau s’est ensuite écrasé au sol. [45] He further indicated that the Raptor concept would now become a methane-based design,[45] and that methane would be the fuel of choice for SpaceX's plans for Mars colonization. [61], In January 2015, Elon Musk stated that the thrust they were currently targeting was around 230 tonnes-force (2,300 kN; 510,000 lbf), much lower than older statements had mentioned. [41] Further mention of the development program occurred in 2011. En effet, dans la soirée du 31 janvier 2019, Elon Musk a publié des images dudit moteur, dénommé Raptor. [22], The Raptor subscale development engine produced approximately 1,000 kN (220,000 lbf) thrust. Explosion en vol. SpaceX successfully completed a "round of main injector testing in late 2014" and a "full-power test of the oxygen preburner component" for Raptor by June 2015. "[78], Notably, Musk also announced that the new Raptor-powered BFR launch vehicle was planned to entirely replace both Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy in the early 2020s, initially aiming at the Earth-orbit market, but SpaceX is explicitly designing in substantial capability to the spacecraft vehicles to support long-duration spaceflight in the cislunar and Mars mission environment as well. Les deux extraits publiés ce dimanche 3 février ont été tournés au QG de SpaceX … [31], The Raptor engine uses a large number of coaxial swirl injectors[32] to admit propellants to the combustion chamber, rather than pintle injectors used on the previous Merlin rocket engines that SpaceX mass-produced for its Falcon family of launch vehicles. Musk goes into a long explanation of the potential capabilities of the SpaceX Raptor rocket engine (which will power Starship), saying that the company thinks Raptor could achieve a thrust-to-weight ratio of 200. Trois nouveaux moteurs Raptor Les moteurs ont été testées dans des conditions qui ressemblent à une démonstration de force: C’est désormais trois moteurs de ce type qui sont […] With the much smaller launch vehicle, fewer Raptor engines would be used on each stage. Comme prévu, le Starship a décollé. Merlin 1C & D motorlarına sahip daha önceki tüm Falcon 9 roketlerinde kullanılmış olan RP-1 kerosen ve LOX karışımı yerine; Raptor motoru yakıt olarak sıvı metan ve sıvı oksijen (LOX), kullanacaktır. [29], Because of the presence of water underground and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars, methane, a simple hydrocarbon, can easily be synthesized on Mars using the Sabatier reaction. [48], When first mentioned by SpaceX in 2009, the term "Raptor" was applied exclusively to an upper-stage engine concept[40]—and 2012 pronouncements indicated that it was then still a concept for an upper stage engine[20]—but in early 2014 SpaceX confirmed that Raptor would be used both on a new second stage, as well as for the large (then, nominally a 10-meter-diameter) core of the Mars Colonial Transporter[29] (subsequently, in 2016, on both stages of the Interplanetary Transport System[49] and then, in 2017 on the Big Falcon Rocket). Motorun en son itki ve Isp değerleri, SpaceX motoru çok-yıllık geliştirme döngüsünden geçirirken, önemli ölçüde değişecektir. 2014 Ağustos ayında, SpaceX Stennis tesisinde test edilen ilk bileşenlerin yüksek-hacimli gaz enjektörleri olduğunu açıklamıştır. [38][39], An advanced rocket engine design project named Raptor, burning hydrogen and oxygen propellants, was first publicly discussed by SpaceX's Max Vozoff at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Commercial Crew/Cargo symposium in 2009. * Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations. Étonnamment, le fantasque P.-D.G. Still, non-trivial at 100,000 tons of thrust/year", "SpaceX: Elon Musk Teases Rapid, Cheap Raptor Production to Get to Mars Fast", "NASA-SpaceX testing partnership going strong", "Orbital ATK, SpaceX Win Air Force Propulsion Contracts", "Notes: Space Access'11: Thurs. [22] It performed an initial 9-second firing test on 26 September 2016, the day before Musk's talk at the International Aeronautical Congress. [91] On August 4, 2020 a single Raptor engine (SN27) propelled Starship prototype SN5 to an altitude of 150 metres (490 ft) in a replication of the earlier Starhopper flight; this was the first flight of a full-size Starship prototype vehicle. BFR was a 9 m (30 ft)-diameter launch vehicle. [72][73] On the 27th he clarified that 150 expansion ratio was for the development version, that the production vacuum version would have an expansion ratio of 200. SN15 successfully performed the bellyflop maneuver, lit 2 engines and successfully landed on the pad.[97]. These are just guesses for now. On 3 March 2021, Starship prototype SN10, again a vehicle basically the same as SN8 and SN9, was launched to an altitude of about 10 km (again). Des vidéos épatantes et hautes en couleur. [88][89] A second tethered test followed just two days later, on 5 April 2019.